Grammar

Demonstrative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns Study the following sentences. This is a gift from my brother. Both watches are good; but this is better than that. My views are in accordance with those of the Chairman. These are mere excuses. That is the Red Fort. Mumbai mangoes are better than those of Bangalore. You will have noticed that the pronouns in bold text are used to point out the objects to which they......

Use of the words he/she, him/her and his/hers etc. Read the following sentences. He has a camera. The camera belongs to him. It is his camera. The camera is his. She has a diamond ring. The diamond ring belongs to her. It isher diamond ring. The diamond ring is hers. They have a tea garden. The tea garden belongs to them. It istheir tea garden. The tea garden is theirs. The......

Possessive pronouns and adjectives Read the following sentences. This necklace belongs to her. They do not belong to you. We can combine these sentences using possessive pronouns. This necklace is hers, not yours. This car belongs to him. It does not belong to me. This car is his, not mine. Exercise Combine the following pairs of sentences using possessive pronouns or adjectives. 1. It is your problem. It is not......

Relative clauses and relative pronouns Clauses beginning with question words (e.g. who, which, where) are often used to identify people and things. Clauses used like this are called relative clauses. They can also be called adjective clauses. Examples are given below. James, who is my neighbor, is a well-known painter. (Here the relative clause ‘who is my neighbor’ gives more information about the noun James.) This is......

Personal pronouns exercise Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns. 1. John and Peter are brothers. I know ………………………. very well and my father likes ………………….. very much. 2. This book has many interesting pictures and stories. I like ………………………… very much. 3. The woman gave sweets to the children, but ……………………………. did not thank …………………… 4. The teacher said, ‘John, you’re a naughty boy. ……………………. don’t obey …………………………’ 5. The boys were late......

Using the demonstrative pronouns There are only five demonstrative pronouns in English: this, that, these, those and such. Demonstrative pronouns can behave either as pronouns or as adjectives. When used as pronouns, these words identify or point to nouns. That was an incredible experience. (Here the demonstrative pronoun that refers to something the speaker just talked about.) I don’t believe this. (Here the......

Pronoun-antecedent agreement A pronoun is a word used to refer to a noun mentioned earlier in the text. This noun is called the antecedent of the pronoun. Susmita is a pretty girl. She also sings well. (Pronoun – she; antecedent – Susmita) Note that the pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number and person. That means if the antecedent is a singular noun, then the pronoun used to refer to it, too, should be singular......

Common mistakes in the use of pronouns In this article we will take a look at some common mistakes in the use of pronouns. Incorrect: Each of these boys play cricket well. Correct: Each of these boys plays cricket well. Incorrect: Each of these three roads lead to the railway station. Correct: Each of these three roads leads to the railway station. After each of we use a plural noun or pronoun and......

Combine using relative pronouns Relative pronouns are words used to combine two clauses into one. Besides combining the two clauses, the relative pronoun acts as the subject or object of the verb in the relative clause. An example is given below. The boy solved the puzzle. He was praised by the teacher. We can combine these two clauses using a relative pronoun. The boy who solved the puzzle was praised by the teacher. Combine......

Comma with conjunctions Conjunctions do not normally cause major grammatical errors. However, students sometimes incorrectly use two conjunctions to connect two clauses. In English, we need just one conjunction to connect two clauses. If there are four clauses in the sentence, we need just three conjunctions to connect them. Another common problem is the confusion about the placement of comma. Sometimes we use a comma before a conjunction.......

Comma before and after conjunctions Comma after so When so is used to mean therefore, it is a transitional adverb. So, it should be followed by a comma. I was not feeling well. So, I decided to consult a doctor. Semicolon before And A coordinating conjunction that merges two clauses into one is usually preceded by a comma. However, the comma can be left out when the clauses connected by the conjunction......

Verb patterns with to-infinitives To-infinitives are used in several structures. Here is a quick overview of them. To-infinitives can be used after adjectives expressing ideas such as desire or emotion. We were happy to see him.She is afraid to talk.He is eager to join the army.I will be happy to accept your invitation.He was anxious to meet you.They are impatient to leave. It + be......

Expressing wishes in English The phrase I wish I had… is the most common structure used to talk about our wishes. Here are some common wishes people have. I wish I had more money. I wish I had more friends. I wish I had a bigger house. I wish I was taller. I wish I was more beautiful. I wish I had curly hair. I wish I had blue eyes. I wish I had a caring husband. I wish I had a cute daughter. I wish I had a better memory. Note the use......

Personal pronouns overview Personal pronouns are words like I, me, your, he, him and they.They belong to three classes: first person, second person and third person. First person The pronouns I, me, mine, we, us and ours are said to be in the first person because they stand for the person speaking. I am a teacher.John called me.I have a daughter.We have a house.That car is ours.This house is mine. Second person The pronouns you......

Make questions and negatives Change the following affirmative sentences into negative and interrogative sentences. 1. Mary earns a six figure salary. 2. She conducted herself well. 3. I made a cake yesterday. 4. She spent her childhood in Malaysia. 5. John took some books from the library. 6. Rahul reads a lot. 7. She recognized him at once. 8. She told a story. 9. I want to become a millionaire. 10. She lives with her grandparents. Answers 1.......

Grammar

Demonstrative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns

Use of the words he/she, him/her and his/hers etc.

Possessive pronouns and adjectives

Relative clauses and relative pronouns

Personal pronouns exercise

Using the demonstrative pronouns

Pronoun-antecedent agreement

Common mistakes in the use of pronouns

Combine using relative pronouns

Comma with conjunctions

Comma with conjunctions

Comma before and after conjunctions

Verb patterns with to-infinitives

Expressing wishes in English

Personal pronouns overview

Make questions and negatives

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