Idioms
IDIOMS BASED ON ANIMALS, BIRDS & INSECTS
• To have a bee in one's bonnet- to be continually occupied with: Ashok has a
bee in his bonnet about yoga being the only healthy exercise.
• To make a bee line for something- to take the quickest and most direct way
towards it: The thirsty children made a bee line for the pitcher of water.
• To kill two birds with one stone- to achieve two aims with only one effort:
Nisha killed two birds......
GRAMMAR MADE EASY
Phrasal Verbs
Many verbs, when followed by various prepositions, or adverbs, acquire
idiomatic sense. e.g., put out, get on, turn round, break down, run away, look
forward to, etc.
Phrasal verbs can be separable or inseparable and they can take an object or not.
Phrasal verbs which take objects can be separable or inseparable. e.g.,
I picked Tina up or I picked up Tina.
Separable phrasal verbs must be separated when a pronoun is used. e.g.,
We picked him up at the station NOT We picked up him at the
station.
NOTE: The topic of Phrasal Verbs has been discussed at length in Lesson
3 & 4. The......
MOODS
Moods
Verbs are used to express commands, make suppositions and to make statements
of fact. These modes in which verbs are used are called Moods. There are three
moods – Indicative, Imperative and Subjunctive.
The Indicative makes Statements of fact:
I go to office daily.
The Imperative mood expresses commands/entreaties: The subject is usually
omitted.
Stand there; Go home, etc.
The Subjunctive Mood occurs in traditional phrases:
God bless you.
2.5 Modal verbs and Auxiliary
Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very irregularly. The modal verbs
are can, could, may might, will, would, shall,......
RULES FOR WRITING AN ERROR FREE SENTENCES
Rules for Subject-Verb Agreement
• The verb must agree with the subject in Number and Person.
• If the subject is singular, the verb should also be singular.
• If the subject is plural, the verb should also be plural, e.g.,
He is a good boy. (singular subject, singular verb)
They are good players (plural subject, plural verb)
• When two or more singular subjects are joined together by ‘and’, plural verb is
used. e.g.,
Ram and Sham are playing a game. He and his friends have
arrived.
• If two singular nouns refer to the same person or thing, the verb must be singular,
e.g.,
My friend and benefactor......
CONSTRUCT ERROR FREE SENTENCES
Moods
Verbs are used to express commands, make suppositions and to make statements
of fact. These modes in which verbs are used are called Moods. There are three
moods – Indicative, Imperative and Subjunctive.
The Indicative makes Statements of fact:
I go to office daily.
The Imperative mood expresses commands/entreaties: The subject is usually
omitted.
Stand there; Go home, etc.
The Subjunctive Mood occurs in traditional phrases:
God bless you.
2.5 Modal verbs and Auxiliary
Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very irregularly. The modal verbs
are can, could, may might, will, would, shall,......
GRAMMAR MADE EASY
Introduction
A verb is a word or a group of words that denotes action, or the state in which a
thing or a person is, or joins the subject with the rest of the sentence. There has to
be at least one verb in the sentence to make it a sentence. A verb often consists of
more than one word. For example:
• The baby laughs.
• The man is a doctor.
• The weather seems bad.
In the first sentence, the verb ‘laughs’ tells us about action. In the second, the verb
‘is’ tells us about what the man is. In the last, the verb is again stating about the
condition of the weather. Thus, a verb states something about......
RULES FOR WRITING AN ERROR FREE SENTENCES
Rules for Subject-Verb Agreement
• The verb must agree with the subject in Number and Person.
• If the subject is singular, the verb should also be singular.
• If the subject is plural, the verb should also be plural, e.g.,
He is a good boy. (singular subject, singular verb)
They are good players (plural subject, plural verb)
• When two or more singular subjects are joined together by ‘and’, plural verb is
used. e.g.,
Ram and Sham are playing a game. He and his friends have
arrived.
• If two singular nouns refer to the same person or thing, the verb must be singular,
e.g.,
My friend and benefactor......
Formation of Nouns
Formation of Nouns
9. Adjectives formed by adding ‘-all’:
10. Adjectives formed by adding ‘-ar/ary’:
11. Adjectives formed by adding ‘-en’:
12. Adjectives formed by adding ‘-ic’:
1. Nouns formed by adding ‘-hood’:
Brother Brotherhood Parent Parenthood
Father Fatherhood Child Childhood
Sister Sisterhood Girl Girlhood
Champion Championship Relation Relationship
Scholar Scholarship Partner Partnership
Leader Leadership Friend friendship
Free Freedom Wise Wisdom
King Kingdom Martyr Martyrdom
Good Goodness Holy Holiness
Busy Business Sad Sadness
Happy Happiness Fool Foolishness
Wide width Broad Breadth
Die......
LEARN ENGLISH AS FAST AS YOU COULD
Formation of Nouns
9. Adjectives formed by adding ‘-all’:
10. Adjectives formed by adding ‘-ar/ary’:
11. Adjectives formed by adding ‘-en’:
12. Adjectives formed by adding ‘-ic’:
1. Nouns formed by adding ‘-hood’:
Brother Brotherhood Parent Parenthood
Father Fatherhood Child Childhood
Sister Sisterhood Girl Girlhood
Champion Championship Relation Relationship
Scholar Scholarship Partner Partnership
Leader Leadership Friend friendship
Free Freedom Wise Wisdom
King Kingdom Martyr Martyrdom
Good Goodness Holy Holiness
Busy Business Sad Sadness
Happy Happiness Fool Foolishness
Wide width Broad Breadth
Die......
ENGLISH LEARNING MADE EASY
Objective
The objective of this lesson is to help the students expand their vocabulary by
learning about formation of nouns, adjectives and verbs, and also using one word
for a group of words.
8.1 Introduction
Language is a medium of self expression and one expresses oneself with the help
of words. A person having good vocabulary is more confident than others and is able
to express himself better than others.
Vocabulary can be enhanced by understanding how different words are formed
and how they are used in particular context.
8.2 Formation of Adjectives
Air Airy Hair Hairy
Ice Icy Fog Foggy
Fire......
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
PREFACE
Over the years,
the performances of students at West African Senior Secondary Certificate
Examination English Language 1 have been recorded as being very poor.
Consequently, the habitual low performances of students in this paper 1, result
in students overall poor performances in S.S.C.E English Language.
This,
however, is not surprising as “paper1” carries the Lion’s share of the
examinations’ total score.
......
PASS COMPREHENSION WITH EASE
GENERAL APPROACH TO COMPREHENSION
The steps in this approach are designed to help candidates
achieve better understanding of the passage. Furthermore, since comprehension
at S.S.C.E. is aimed at answering questions on the passage, the steps are means
of revealing answers within the passage to the question on it.
(1) Read through questions on the
comprehension and make sure you memorise them.
(2) Take a first look at the passage itself and read through
quickly.
(3) Attempt to answer the questions on the passage, but if
you realise you can’t, then, have another look at the passage.
(4) Having......
secret to success
READING SKILLS
Reading skills involve psychological steps that assist the
brain towards perfect assimilation. Below are these psychological steps, which
if employed in helping the reader to achieve good understanding and real
interpretational knowledge of the passage.
(a)
Fast
speed reading: Reading at fast speed is very important so as to enable quicker
assimilation of the facts presented through reading to the brain.
(b)
Avoid
muttering of words: While going through the passage, do not read out. Instead,
read to your mind for perfect understanding.
(c) ......
SOME RULES:
(1) Pronouns have
the same number, gender and person as that of their antecedent:
Shola is a good girl.
She respects her elders.
(2) “It” is used for
lifeless things, for animals, and for a baby:
He likes his cat
and takes good care of it.
(3) When two singular
pronouns are joined by ‘and’ and refer to the same thing, the pronoun will be
singular:
The peon and
attendant is absent from his duty.
(4) Sometimes a
pronoun refers......
SECRETS BEHIND STUDENTS FAILURE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EXAMINATIONS REVEALED!!!
2 DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE:
(1) ‘The’ is used
when we speak of a particular person or a thing already referred to:
This is the
book I was looking for.
(2) It is also used
when a singular noun represents the whole class:
The horse is a
very useful animal.
Note: This rule
does not apply to the noun ‘man’ when it refers to human race as a whole.
(3) It is used
before the adjective in the superlative degree:
She is the most
beautiful girl in the......
PASS ENGLISH LANGUAGE EXAMINATIONS WITHOUT SWEAT.
COMMON ERRORS IN THE USE OF ARTICLES:
6.6.1 INDEFINITE ARTICLES: A, AN:
(1) A” is used
before words beginning with consonant sound:
A boy, a table,
etc.
(2) It is used with
vowel letters having the sound of a consonant:
A university, A
European.
(3) An” is used
before words beginning with vowel sounds:
An apple, an
umbrella, etc.
(4) It is also used
before words beginning with consonant letter having the sound of a vowel:
An M.L.A......
SECRETS BEHIND STUDENTS FAILURE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EXAMINATIONS REVEALED!!!
COMMON ERRORS IN THE USE OF ADVERBS:
An Adverb is a
word that modifies a verb, an adjective and another adverb.
1. Adverbs of
manner, place and time are usually placed after the verb or the object:
He was talking
slowly.
He helped me
sincerely.
2. Adverbs of
frequency such as always, ever, never, often, seldom, usually, rarely, etc. and
some other adverbs like already, almost, just, quite, nearly, hardly, etc. are
placed between the subject......
CONTINUATION OF COMMON ERRORS IN THE USE OF ADJECTIVES
(11) Little, a
little and the little: Little denotes quantity and means ‘not much’ (hardly
any). It has a negative meaning.
A little means
‘at least some’.
The little
means the whole amount that is there.
There is little
hope of his recovery.
(This means
there is no hope)
There is a
little hope of his recovery.
(This means
there is some hope)
He has spent
the little money he had.
(This means all
that he had)
(12) Similarly, few,
a few and the few: Few denotes number:
I have few
books on this subject.
(This means
hardly any-no)
I have a few
books on this subject.
(This means at
least......
COMMON ERRORS IN THE USE OF ADJECTIVES:
An Adjective
adds something to the meaning of or qualifies a Noun or a Pronoun.
(1) When there is
no comparison, we use the positive degree:
Remi is a good
girl.
(2) When we compare
two or more persons or things, we use the comparative degree:
Remilekun is
better than Kafayat.
(3) When the
ultimate comparison stating the highest degree is made between many persons or
things, we use the superlative degree. It is always preceded by ‘the’:
Remilekun......
