Word formation: exercise

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words derived from the ones given in brackets.

1. We have known each other since our …………………… (child)

2. His hard work ……………………. him to pass his examination. (able)

3. The manager asked the board members to ………………….. his earlier proposal. (consider)

4. Only a fool will …………………… his net worth. (estimate)

5. He is a stupid and often talks …………………. (sense)

6. The Government of China has ………………….. its currency. (value)

7. Parents should not ………………… their children’s mistakes. (look)

8. He was absent because he was ………………… (well)

9. The judgment ……………………. in our favor. (go)

10. The judge ordered that the accused be …………………… (behead)

11. The minister wants to …………………….. the capital. (beauty)

12. Only monosyllabic words were ……………………. by her. (utter)

Answers

1. childhood

2. enabled

3. reconsider

4. underestimate

5. nonsense

6. devalued

7. overlook

8. unwell

9. went

10. beheaded

11. beautify

12. uttered

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Change into active voice

Rewrite the following sentences in the active form.

1. He is being deceived by his own friends.

2. Prince Hamlet was welcomed by the people.

3. The proposal has been rejected by the committee.

4. I have been given much cause for anxiety.

5. Have my orders been carried out by you?

6. The story was eagerly listened to.

7. Our lives are wasted in anticipation.

8. The tree was uprooted by the storm.

9. The wounded persons were taken to hospital by the police.

10. By whom was this piece of composition written?

11. America was discovered by Columbus.

12. Is John taught by you?

Answers

1. His own friends are deceiving him.

2. The people welcomed Prince Hamlet.

3. The committee has rejected the proposal.

4. They /he/she/ you have given me much cause for anxiety.

5. Have you carried out my orders?

6. We /he/she/they eagerly listened to the story.

7. We waste our lives in anticipation.

8. The storm uprooted the tree.

9. The police took the wounded persons to the hospital.

10. Who wrote this piece of composition?

11. Columbus discovered America.

12. Do you teach John?

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Sentence completion: Exercise

Complete the following sentences by adding a direct or indirect object as required.

1. The robber dealt a heavy blow to the ………………………..

2. She ordered a new dress for ……………………..

3. The man sent ……………………. a message.

4. He threw the beggar a …………………….

5. The British Council offered him a ……………………..

6. He has promised us his ………………………

7. The tailor made a …………………….. for my father.

8. He distributed …………………….. to all the students in the class.

9. I don’t lend my books to ………………………

10. Don’t show the …………………. to any of your friends.

11. She made …………………… for all of us.

12. We promised our guide a ………………………..

13. The World Bank gave India a ………………….

14. The teacher wished the boys …………………….

Answers

1. Traveler

2. Herself / her father / mother etc.

3. Me / him / her etc.

4. Coin / a loaf of bread etc.

5. Scholarship

6. Help

7. Suit

8. Sweets

9. Anybody

10. Letter

11. Coffee

12. A handsome reward

13. Big loan

14. all success

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Relative pronouns: exercise

Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns. Each question is followed by four suggested answers. Choose the most appropriate one.

1. We all trust people ………………….. speak the truth.

a) who
b) whom
c) which
d) that

2. He ……………………. does his best shall be rewarded.

a) that
b) who
c) which
d) whom

3. I don’t understand …………………… you mean.

a) what
b) which
c) that
d) whose

4. She has gone to Bangalore, ………………… is her birth place.

a) which
b) that
c) who

d) whom

5. You should learn to give away ……………………… you do not need.

a) which
b) what
c) that
d) whose

6. There is no one ……………………… has not lost a dear one.

a) whom
b) who
c) which
d) that

7. You get …………………….. you deserve.

a) that
b) what
c) which
d) whose

8. He is a person ……………………. you can trust.

a) who
b) whom
c) what
d) that

9. The letter ……………………. he sent never reached me.

a) which
b) that
c) whom
d) who

10. He ……………………… treats others with kindness will be treated with kindness.

a) who
b) whom
c) which
d) what

Answers

1. Who or that
2. who or that
3. what
4. which
5. what
6. who or that
7. what
8. whom or that
9. which or that
10. who or that

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Sentence analysis: exercise

Split each of the following sentences into two.

1. He is a writer whose works are widely known.

2. Bring me the file which is on the table.

3. People who live in glass houses must not throw stones.

4. Napoleon, whom the French admire, died at St. Helena.

5. John, who is my cousin, works abroad.

6. The boy who fell off the ladder has hurt his leg.

7. Where is the box that I left here yesterday.

8. The woman, who you were talking to, is my boss.

9. Winston Churchill, the great politician and statesman, was also a great writer.

10. Mark Twain, who wrote ‘ The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’, is my favorite writer.

Answers

1. He is a writer. His works are widely known.

2. Bring me the file. The file is on the table.

3. Some people live in glass houses. They must not throw stones.

4. Napoleon died at St. Helena. The French admire him.

5. John works hard. He is my cousin.

6. The boy fell off the ladder. He has hurt his leg.

7. I left a box here yesterday. Where is it?

8. You were talking about a woman. She is my boss.

9. Winston Churchill was a great politician and statesman. He was also a great writer.

10. Mark Twain is my favorite writer. He wrote ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’.

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Adjectives: exercise

Pick out the adjectives in the following sentences and state what function they serve in the sentences.

1. The car sustained heavy damage in the accident.

2. Every dog has his day.

3. He is a man of few words.

4. Neither answer is quite right.

5. The way was long, the wind was cold, the minstrel was infirm and old.

6. John won the first prize in the quiz competition.

7. The boy stood on the burning deck.

8. King Francis was a hearty king and loved a royal sport.

9. He is a brave fellow.

10. In the furrowed land stood the patient oxen.

Answers

1. adjective: heavy (modifies the noun damage)

2. adjective: every (modifies the noun dog)

3. adjective: few (modifies the noun words)

4. adjective: neither (modifies the noun answer)

5. adjective: long (modifies the noun way), adjective: cold (modifies the noun wind), adjective: infirm (modifies the noun minstrel), adjective: old (modifies the noun minstrel)

6. adjective: first (modifies the noun price)

7. adjective: burning (modifies the noun deck)

8. adjective: hearty (modifies the noun king), adjective: royal (modifies the noun sport)

9. adjective: brave (modifies the noun fellow)

10. adjective: furrowed (modifies the noun land), adjective: patient (modifies the noun oxen)

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At, in and to: exercise

Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.

1. He gets …………………. the market by bike. (at / to)

2. My parents live ………………….Singapore. (at / in)

3. I go ……………………. Singapore to see them whenever I can. (at / to)

4. I went to see my parents ……………………. Singapore. (in / to)

5. Let’s go …………………….. Marcel’s for coffee. (to / at)

6. Let’s go and have tea ……………………. Smith’s. (to / at)

7. Why are you looking ……………………. me like this? (to / at)

8. Stop throwing stones …………………… the cats. (at / to)

9. When did you arrive …………………….. Mexico? (in / to)

10. Could you shout …………………. James and tell him it is time he started. (to / at)

Answers

1. to (To is used for movement and direction.)

2. in (At and in are generally used for position. With a larger place we usually use in.)

3. to (See Answer 1 for explanation.)

4. in (If the purpose of a movement is mentioned before the destination, we usually use at / in before the place.)

5. to (To indicate purpose we use to.)

6. at (See answer 4 for explanation)

7. at (Verbs like look, smile, wave, frown etc., are followed by at to indicate the target of a non-verbal communication.)

8. at (At is used after verbs referring to attacks or aggressive behavior.)

9. in (Arrive is followed by at or in. It can’t be followed by to.)

10. to (When there is no idea of attack, shout is followed by to.)

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Active and passive voice exercise

Change the following sentences so that the verbs will be in the passive voice.

1. The boy killed the spider.

2. The police caught the thief.

3. The boy made a kite.

4. The sudden noise frightened the dog.

5. Edison invented the light bulb.

6. He made a very remarkable discovery.

7. His own brother betrayed him.

8. I have sold my old car.

9. They opened the store only last month.

10. We do not permit smoking in the kitchen.

11. The cat chased the mouse.

12. Your behavior disgusts me.

13. The cat drank all the milk.

14. A stone struck me on the head.

Answers

1. The spider was killed by the boy.

2. The thief was caught by the police.

3. A kite was made by the boy.

4. The dog was frightened by the sudden noise.

5. The light bulb was invented by Edison.

6. A very remarkable discovery was made by him.

7. He was betrayed by his own brother.

8. My old car has been sold.

9. The store was opened only last month.

10. Smoking in the kitchen isn’t permitted.

11. The mouse was chased by the cat.

12. I am disgusted by your behavior.

13. All the milk was drunk by the cat.

14. I was struck by a stone on the forehead.

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Grammar: Less and least: exercise: Less and least: exercise Rewrite the following sentences by using ‘ less’ or ‘least ‘ without changing the meaning. 1. The mango is...

Nouns exercise 1

Correct the following sentences.

1. Where are your luggages?

2. I would like to paint the sceneries.

3. She gave me an advice.

4. He has eaten two breads.

5. I have an important work to do.

6. A lightning struck the building.

7. The lightning was followed by a deafening thunder.

8. I heard a news.

9. We need to buy some furnitures.

10. Have you got an equipment to fix this?

Answers

1. Where is your luggage?

2. I would like to paint the scenery.

3. She gave me a piece of advice. OR She gave me some advice.

4. He has eaten two pieces of bread. OR He has eaten two loaves of bread.

5. I have some important work to do. OR I have an important piece of work to do.

6. A flash of lightning struck the building.

7. The lightning was followed by a deafening clap of thunder.

8. I heard a piece of news.

9. We need to buy some furniture.

10. Have you got some equipment to fix this? OR Have you got a tool to fix this?

Notes

The words news, furniture, scenery, advice, information etc., are uncountable in English. We cannot use numbers or the articles a/anwith uncountable nouns. Also note that most uncountable nouns are singular with no plural forms.

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Future tense quiz

Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate form of the verb.

1. The train ……………….. at 6 pm.

a) leaves
b) will leave
c) leave

2. I will phone you when I ………………….. time.

a) have
b) will have
c) am having

3. I ……………………… my grandparents this evening.

a) visit
b) am visiting
c) would visit

4. Look at the sky. It ……………………. to rain.

a) is going
b) goes
c) will

5. Perhaps we ………………….. Paris next month.

a) will visit
b) visit
c) are visiting

6. Unless we ……………………. now we can’t be there on time.

a) start
b) starts
c) will start

7.The next term ………………….. on September 15th.

a) begin
b) begins
c) is beginning

8. Oh dear! I ………………….

a) will sneeze
b) am going to sneeze
c) sneeze

9. I am sure he ……………………. win.

a) will
b) would
c) will be

10. We ……………………. you one of these days.

a) will be seeing
b) see
c) sees

Answers

1. a) leaves

2. a) have

3. b) am visiting

4. a) is going

5. a) will visit

6. a) start

7. b) begins

8. b) am going to sneeze

9. a) will

10. a) will be seeing

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Kinds of Nouns: Exercise

Point out the nouns in the following sentences and say whether they are common, proper, collective or abstract.

1. Always speak the truth.

2. Honesty is the best policy.

3. King Solomon was famous for his wisdom.

4. A committee of five was appointed.

5. We saw a fleet of ships in the harbour.

6. He gave me a bunch of grapes.

7. London is on the river Thames.

8. Cleanliness is next to godliness.

9. Wisdom is better than riches.

10. Winston Churchill was one of the greatest Prime Ministers of England.

11. I recognized his voice at once.

12. Our team is better than theirs.

Answers

1. truth: abstract noun

2. honesty: abstract noun, policy: abstract noun

3. King: common noun, Solomon: proper noun, wisdom: abstract noun

4. committee: collective noun

5. a fleet: collective noun, ships: common noun, harbour: common noun

6. a bunch: collective noun, grapes: common noun

7. London: proper noun, river: common noun, Thames: proper noun

8. cleanliness: abstract noun, godliness: abstract noun

9. wisdom: abstract noun, riches: abstract noun

10. Winston Churchill: proper noun, Prime Ministers: common noun, England: proper noun

11. voice: abstract noun

12. team: collective noun

Notes

A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place or thing.

A common noun is a name given in common to every person or thing of the same class or kind.

A collective noun is the name of a collection of people or things taken together and spoken of as a whole.

An abstract noun is the name of a quality, action or state which we cannot see or touch.

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Less and least: exercise

Rewrite the following sentences by using ‘less’ or ‘least‘ without changing the meaning.

1. The mango is sweeter than the apple.

2. Iron is more useful than copper.

3. Gold is more precious than silver.

4. This is the most useless of my gadgets.

5. Platinum is one of the rarest minerals.

6. The wild-apple is the sourest of all fruits.

7. You are uglier than the baby.

8. I have got more energy than I used to have.

Answers

1. The apple is less sweet than the mango. (NOT The apple is less sweeter than the mango.)

2. Copper is less useful than iron.

3. Silver is less precious than gold.

4. This is the least useful of my gadgets.

5. Platinum is one of the least common minerals.

6. All other fruits are less sour than the wild apple.

7. The baby is less ugly than you.

8. I used to have less energy than I have got now.

Notes

Less and least are used to talk about inequality by focusing on the ‘lower’ end of the cycle. Less is the comparative form. It is followed bythan. Least is the superlative form.

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Less and least: exercise

Rewrite the following sentences by using ‘less’ or ‘least‘ without changing the meaning.

1. The mango is sweeter than the apple.

2. Iron is more useful than copper.

3. Gold is more precious than silver.

4. This is the most useless of my gadgets.

5. Platinum is one of the rarest minerals.

6. The wild-apple is the sourest of all fruits.

7. You are uglier than the baby.

8. I have got more energy than I used to have.

Answers

1. The apple is less sweet than the mango. (NOT The apple is less sweeter than the mango.)

2. Copper is less useful than iron.

3. Silver is less precious than gold.

4. This is the least useful of my gadgets.

5. Platinum is one of the least common minerals.

6. All other fruits are less sour than the wild apple.

7. The baby is less ugly than you.

8. I used to have less energy than I have got now.

Notes

Less and least are used to talk about inequality by focusing on the ‘lower’ end of the cycle. Less is the comparative form. It is followed bythan. Least is the superlative form.

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Less and least: exercise

Rewrite the following sentences by using ‘less’ or ‘least‘ without changing the meaning.

1. The mango is sweeter than the apple.

2. Iron is more useful than copper.

3. Gold is more precious than silver.

4. This is the most useless of my gadgets.

5. Platinum is one of the rarest minerals.

6. The wild-apple is the sourest of all fruits.

7. You are uglier than the baby.

8. I have got more energy than I used to have.

Answers

1. The apple is less sweet than the mango. (NOT The apple is less sweeter than the mango.)

2. Copper is less useful than iron.

3. Silver is less precious than gold.

4. This is the least useful of my gadgets.

5. Platinum is one of the least common minerals.

6. All other fruits are less sour than the wild apple.

7. The baby is less ugly than you.

8. I used to have less energy than I have got now.

Notes

Less and least are used to talk about inequality by focusing on the ‘lower’ end of the cycle. Less is the comparative form. It is followed bythan. Least is the superlative form.

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Less and least: exercise

Rewrite the following sentences by using ‘less’ or ‘least‘ without changing the meaning.

1. The mango is sweeter than the apple.

2. Iron is more useful than copper.

3. Gold is more precious than silver.

4. This is the most useless of my gadgets.

5. Platinum is one of the rarest minerals.

6. The wild-apple is the sourest of all fruits.

7. You are uglier than the baby.

8. I have got more energy than I used to have.

Answers

1. The apple is less sweet than the mango. (NOT The apple is less sweeter than the mango.)

2. Copper is less useful than iron.

3. Silver is less precious than gold.

4. This is the least useful of my gadgets.

5. Platinum is one of the least common minerals.

6. All other fruits are less sour than the wild apple.

7. The baby is less ugly than you.

8. I used to have less energy than I have got now.

Notes

Less and least are used to talk about inequality by focusing on the ‘lower’ end of the cycle. Less is the comparative form. It is followed bythan. Least is the superlative form.

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Less and least: exercise

Rewrite the following sentences by using ‘less’ or ‘least‘ without changing the meaning.

1. The mango is sweeter than the apple.

2. Iron is more useful than copper.

3. Gold is more precious than silver.

4. This is the most useless of my gadgets.

5. Platinum is one of the rarest minerals.

6. The wild-apple is the sourest of all fruits.

7. You are uglier than the baby.

8. I have got more energy than I used to have.

Answers

1. The apple is less sweet than the mango. (NOT The apple is less sweeter than the mango.)

2. Copper is less useful than iron.

3. Silver is less precious than gold.

4. This is the least useful of my gadgets.

5. Platinum is one of the least common minerals.

6. All other fruits are less sour than the wild apple.

7. The baby is less ugly than you.

8. I used to have less energy than I have got now.

Notes

Less and least are used to talk about inequality by focusing on the ‘lower’ end of the cycle. Less is the comparative form. It is followed bythan. Least is the superlative form.

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Kinds of Nouns: Exercise

Point out the nouns in the following sentences and say whether they are common, proper, collective or abstract.

1. Always speak the truth.

2. Honesty is the best policy.

3. King Solomon was famous for his wisdom.

4. A committee of five was appointed.

5. We saw a fleet of ships in the harbour.

6. He gave me a bunch of grapes.

7. London is on the river Thames.

8. Cleanliness is next to godliness.

9. Wisdom is better than riches.

10. Winston Churchill was one of the greatest Prime Ministers of England.

11. I recognized his voice at once.

12. Our team is better than theirs.

Answers

1. truth: abstract noun

2. honesty: abstract noun, policy: abstract noun

3. King: common noun, Solomon: proper noun, wisdom: abstract noun

4. committee: collective noun

5. a fleet: collective noun, ships: common noun, harbour: common noun

6. a bunch: collective noun, grapes: common noun

7. London: proper noun, river: common noun, Thames: proper noun

8. cleanliness: abstract noun, godliness: abstract noun

9. wisdom: abstract noun, riches: abstract noun

10. Winston Churchill: proper noun, Prime Ministers: common noun, England: proper noun

11. voice: abstract noun

12. team: collective noun

Notes

A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place or thing.

A common noun is a name given in common to every person or thing of the same class or kind.

A collective noun is the name of a collection of people or things taken together and spoken of as a whole.

An abstract noun is the name of a quality, action or state which we cannot see or touch.

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Verbs Quiz

Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the verb.

1. The prize was —————— away by the local team.

a) born
b) borne
c) bore
d) bear

2. He had ————– 1000 dollars for the painting, but couldn’t get it.

a) bid
b) bade
c) bidden
d) bode

3. After I had —————– him farewell, I hurried away.

a) bade
b) bid
c) bidden
d) bidding

4. The chief guest —————— the foundation stone of the new building.

a) lay
b) laid
c) lied
d) lain

5. The boy who had —————– the watch was caught.

a) steal
b) stole
c) stolen
d) stealing

6. We don’t —————- away anything useful.

a) throw
b) threw
c) thrown
d) throwing

7. The Israeli spies were ——————– in Iran.

a) hang
b) hung
c) hanged
d) hanging

8. The bucket ——————– in mid air at the end of a rope.

a) hung
b) hang
c) hanged
d) hanging

Answers

1. b) borne (Bear has two past participle forms – born and borne. When referring to the birth of a child born is used. In the sense of carry or endure, the past participle is borne.)

2. a) bid (Bid has two past participle forms – bidden and bid. Of these bid is used only in the case of offering a certain price at an action. In all other cases, bidden is used.)

3. c) bidden

4. b) laid

5. c) stolen

6. a) throw

7. c) hanged (Hang has two past participle forms – hung and hanged. Hung means ‘support’. Hanged means ‘put somebody to death by hanging him with a rope round the neck’.)

8. hung

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Conjunctions Quiz

Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions.

1. Coming late, James tiptoed into the room —————— he should disturb the class.

a) lest
b) so that
c) in order than
d) for

2. I worked hard —————– I might win the first prize.

a) for
b) so that
c) lest
d) because

3. She spoke in such a low voice —————- few could hear her.

a) for
b) that
c) as
d) so

4. She was —————– weak that she could hardly stand.

a) too
b) so
c) as
d) very

5. That is Peter, —————– I am mistaken.

a) if
b) unless
c) whether
d) so long as

6. We will have plenty to eat ——————- that no uninvited guests turn up.

a) so that
b) unless
c) provided
d) whether

7. I will forgive you ——————– you don’t repeat the offence.

a) on condition that
b) lest
c) as if
d) though

8. They were disappointed ——————- you weren’t in.

a) that
b) such that
c) so that

d) so

9. There will be no trouble —————- you keep your mouth shut.

a) unless
c) whether
c) so long as
d) so that

10. ——————– were his words and gestures that the listeners were hypnotized.

a) so
b) such
c) as
d) that

Answers

1. a) lest
2. b) so that
3. b) that
4. b) so
5. b) unless
6. c) provided
7. a) on condition that
8. a) that
9. c) so long as
10. b) such

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Tenses Exercise

Choose the correct form of the verb from the given alternatives.

1. I —————– Tokyo last summer.

a) visited
b) had visited
c) have visited

2. See that the patient ——————– complete rest.

a) has
b) is having

c) will have

3. I ——————– for his reply for two weeks now.

a) have been waiting
b) am waiting
c) had been waiting

4. I —————— to college to meet the principal.

a) went
b) go
c) had went

5. My brother ——————— tomorrow.

a) will have arrived
b) would arrive
c) is arriving

6. The train ——————- by the time we reach the train.

a) will leave
b) left
c) will have left

7. When I saw him he ——————— writing a letter.

a) was
b) had been
c) has been

8. Every morning I ——————- the paper.

a) will read
b) am reading
c) read

9. I will call you when the guests ——————

a) will arrive
b) will be arriving
c) arrive

10. Heat ——————— and cold ——————-

a) expands, contracts
b) is expanding, is contracting
c) had expanded, has contracted

11. He ——————– a novel since October, and he is about to finish it.

a) has been writing
b) had been writing
c) is writing

12. If you —————— hard, you would pass.

a) work
b) worked
c) had worked

Answers

1. a) visited
2. a) has
3. have been waiting
4. a) went
5. c) is arriving
6. c) will have left
7. a) was
8. c) read
9. c) arrive
10. a) expands, contracts
11. a) has been writing
12. b) worked

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